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Period 1: 1400-1648
Available Starting in July and Year-Round on Patreon
#100 Unit 1 - The Middle Ages Quick Review
While the middle ages are not required to be understood with any depth or complexity, it is a good idea to quickly review the main aspects of the time period so that you can better understand the Renaissance.
#101 Unit 1 - Renaissance Humanism Part 1
Part 1 of 2 on Florence Italy and the philosophers that started the humanist movement.
#102 Unit 1 -Renaissance Humanism Part 2
Renaissance Humanism Part 2 - A look at the changing culture of Renaissance Italy and the philosophers that influenced it. Neoplatonism, Pico Mirandola, Castiglione, and Machiavelli.
#103 Unit 1 - The Northern European Renaissance
A quick look at how the Renaissance develops and changes in Northern Europe with the help of the printing press and the Christian Humanism.
#104 Unit 1- Renaissance Art Overview
A quick look at the five major pieces of Renaissance Art every Euro student should know.
#105 Unit 1- New Monarchies
The nature of monarchy in Europe at the end of the 15th century was changing and kings were gaining more power. This episode looks at the development of this change known as New Monarchies.
#106 Unit 1 - European Exploration Part 1
Part 1 on European Exploration focusing on the motivations for exploration and the influence that mercantilism played in the competition between Spain and Portugal.
#107 Unit 1 - European Exploration Part 2
Part two in a three part series on European exploration. This episode focuses on the effect of new world discovery on Europe's economy.
#108 Unit 1 - European Exploration Part 3
Part 3 in our series on European exploration of the New World. In this episode we look at the effect of European exploration had on the indigenous populations of the New World and the development of African slavery.
#109 Unit 2 - Martin Luther and the Reformation Part 1
Martin Luther and the Reformation Part 1: In this episode we look at the historical context for the Reformation and look to understand the arguments that Martin Luther was making against the sale of indulgences and the consequences of those arguments.
#110 Unit 2 - Martin Luther and the Reformation Part 2
Part two of a two part series on Martin Luther. In this episode we look at the secular politics behind the Protestant Reformation and the role that secular authority played.
#111 Unit 2 - Other Reform Movements
Martin Luther and Lutheranism wasn't the only protestant reformation movement. In this episode we look at other reformers such as John Calvin and see how they impacted European culture.
#112 Unit 2 - The English Reformation Part 1
The Protestant Reformation definitely has a political side and in this episode we look at how Henry VIII of England will use the Reformation for his political gain.
#113 Unit 2 - The English Reformation Part 2
In this second part on the English Reformation we look at the role that Henry VIIIs heirs play in the Reformation with special emphasis on Queen Elizabeth.
#114 Unit 2 - Counter Reformation Part 1
Part one in a two part series on how the Catholic Church will work to end the corruption in the clergy that had developed throughout the middle ages and bring the faith back into line with its original mission.
#115 Unit 2 - The Counter Reformation Part 2
In this episode we look at the role Ignatius Loyola and the Jesuit Order played in helping the Catholic Church to refocus on its original mission after the Protestant Reformation.
#116 Unit 2 - The Wars of Religion Part 1
A look at how the struggles between the Protestants and Catholics in 16th Century Europe will lead to a series of wars over religion. This episode has a special focus on Philip II, the Netherlands, and Queen Elizabeth of England.
#117 Unit 2 - The Wars of Religion Part 2
Part 2 in our series on the Wars of Religion. This episode looks at the French Wars of Religion, also known as the French Civil War, and looks at how a new monarch, Henry IV of France will put the interest of the state and his power above religious concern.
#118 Unit 2 - Wars of Religion Part 3
A look at the Thirty Years War, a topic that always proves to be a challenge, and how it marks a turning point in European History.
#119 Unit 2 - The English Civil War
A look at the struggles in England between Parliament and the monarchs that rule after Elizabeth I. In this episode we see the development of the English Civil War that brought an end to the reign of King Charles I of England.
#120 Unit 2 - The Scientific Revolution
A look at how the intellectual focus in the period between 1450-1648 moves from one based on ecclesiastical (church) controlled learning and knowledge, toward a more secular form of learning based on the teachings of the ancient Greeks and Romans, and finally to one that is based on observation, data collection, and the study of science in a systematic and uniform manner... The Scientific Revolution.
#121 Unit 2 - Continuity and Change in Daily Life 1450-1648
When studying European history it is easy to forget that the monarchs, nobles, religious leaders, and philosophers that bring about change are actually a very tiny fraction of the population. In this episode we look at how life was for the commoners of Europe in the time period between 1450 to 1648.
#122 Unit 2 - Random Acts of Euro
It is time for Random Acts of Euro, where listeners write in and Lynde answers their European History questions. Today's questions are about Henry VIII, Catholic and Protestant differences of faith, and historical perspective. Remember, listeners can email questions for future Random Acts of Euro to lyndeurozone@gmail.com.
Period 2: 1648-1815
Available Starting in October and Year-Round on Patreon
#200 Unit 3 - The Development of Absolutism
Leveling up! In this first episode of Unit 3 we look at the context by which New Monarchies become Absolute Monarchies by examining the ways Henry IV and Cardinal Richelieu will transform France into an absolutist state.
#201 Unit 3 - Louis XIV Part 1
Louis XIV is considered to be the most successful absolute monarch in Europe with a 72 year reign that epitomizes the concept of absolutism. In this episode we look at the domestic policies that he put in place to solidify his place in history as “Le Grande Monarque.”
#202 Unit 3 - Louis XIV Part 2
In this second episode on Louis XIV we look at his foreign policy and the wars he waged during his 72 year reign.
#203 Unit 3 - Leopold I and Austrian Absolutism
In this episode we look at the form and shape that absolutism will take in the Holy Roman Empire (Austria) after the Thirty Years War and the Peace of Westphalia with Leopold I.
#204 Unit 3 - Prussian Absolutism
In this episode we look at the unique form of absolutism that develops in Prussia under Frederick William I and Frederick II, also known as Frederick the Great... And yes... that's Prussia with a P.
#205 Unit 3 - Russian Absolutism and Peter The Great
In this episode we look at how Peter the Great of Russia will work to get his nobility under control and develop Russia from a feudal state into a modern absolutist state with a strong military and a mercantilist economy.
#206 Unit 3 - Baroque Art
A quick look at Baroque art so that you can understand the various genres, specifically Italian Baroque, Spanish Baroque, French Baroque, and Dutch Baroque.
#207 Unit 3 - Alternatives to Absolutism - The Dutch
Part one of a three part series looking at alternatives to 18th century absolutism, in this episode we look at the Dutch United Provinces and learn how their form of government lead to the development of a great economy.
#208 Unit 3 - Alternatives to Absolutism - Sweden and Poland
In this second part in our series studying alternatives to absolutism, we look at the different governing systems in Sweden and Poland and compare them to other absolutist monarchies in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries.
#209 Unit 3 - Alternatives to Absolutism - The Interregnum and Oliver Cromwell
In this third part in our series on alternatives to absolutism, we look at the Interregnum in England and the rule of Oliver Cromwell, which really isn't all that much of an alternative to absolutism.
#210 Unit 3 - The Glorious Revolution
In this episode we look at the ultimate alternative to absolutism and check on a monarch's power... the Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights.
#211 Unit 4 - The Roots of the Enlightenment
In this episode we look at how the 18th century philosophical movement known as the Enlightenment will be an outgrowth of the scientific revolution and why France is considered to be the home of the Enlightenment.
#212 Unit 4 - The Enlightenment and Social Contract Theory
In this second part of our look at the Enlightenment we study three philosophers that promote the idea that government exists because the people allow it to exist... The Social Contract.
#213 Unit 4 - Enlightenment Philosophers Round Up
A quick look at the major enlightenment philosophers that have a major influence on modern government and society today... Rousseau, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Beccaria, Smith, and Wollstonecraft.
#214 Unit 4 - Popularizing the Enlightenment
In this episode we look at the cultural phenomenon that was the Enlightenment and how it spread amongst the literate middle class in Europe.
#215 Unit 4 - Enlightened Absolutism
In this episode we look at how various monarchs in Eastern Europe will embrace the enlightenment while trying to maintain the institution of absolutist monarchy.
#216 Unit 4 - Economic Change, Capitalism, and Adam Smith
A quick look at the factors that allow for the development of capitalism in England and Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations.
#217 Unit 5 - The French Revolution Part 1
In this first of a series of episodes on the French Revolution we look at the issues in France that bring Louis XVI to attempt to raise taxes and eventually usher in the start of the revolution.
#218 Unit 5 - The French Revolution Part 2
In this second part of our series on the French Revolution we look at the early efforts of the National Assembly to bring about equality in a manner that embraces enlightenment ideals.
#219 Unit 5 - The French Revolution Part 3
In this third part on the French Revolution we look at how the revolution moves away from its Enlightenment roots and becomes somewhat unfocused and more radical.
#220 Unit 5 - The French Revolution Part 4
In this fourth part in our series on the French Revolution we look at how the revolution turns radical, develops into the Reign of Terror, and then eventually falls prey to a military coup.
#221 Unit 5 - Napoleon and France
Napoleon Bonaparte arose from the mid-level ranks of the French Revolutionary military to eventually rule France as a dictator and then emperor. In this episode we look at how Napoleon brings about stability to the French economy and enacts reforms to embrace SOME of France's revolutionary ideals.
#222 Unit 5 - Napoleon and Europe
In this episode we look at how Napoleon conquers Europe, spreads French Revolutionary ideals throughout the continent, and eventually meets his downfall and exile.
#223 Unit 5 - The Congress of Vienna
In this episode we look at how order will be restored in Europe and the conservative reaction to the French Revolution and Napoleon post 1815.
Period 3: 1815-1914
Available Starting in early January and Year-Round on Patreon
#300 Unit 6 - The Industrial Revolution in England
In this episode we look at how the industrial revolution developed from its earlier forms in England and how it will change the economy for both the better and the worse.
#301 Unit 6 - Industrialization on the Continent
Industrialization will spread outside Great Britain and take root in Western Europe, especially the German Confederation. We take a special look at how the German nation will come to dominate industrialization on the continent with help from Frederich List and his idea for a customs union known as the Zollverein.
#302 Unit 6 - Life in the Industrial Cities
In this episode we look at the problems caused by industrialization in cities like Manchester and London and the effects that it has on the people that live there.
#303 Unit 6 - Liberalism as a Response to Industrialization
In this episode we look at how 19th century liberalism was a response to the societal problems caused by the mass migrations to the cities and industrialization.
#304 Unit 6 - Socialism as a Response to Industrialization
In this episode we look at how socialists thought new societies and governments could be created to respond to the problems caused by industrialization.
#305 Unit 6 - Suffrage as a Response to Industrialization
In this episode we look at the reality of reform in England and how increasing suffrage was the greatest factor in combating the problems brought about by industrialization.
#306 Unit 7 - The Early 19th Century Isms
In this episode we categorize the different political ideologies of the early 19th century into the three categories of conservatism, liberalism, and radicalism along with developing a better understanding of the concept of nationalism.
#307 Unit 7 - Romanticism
In this episode we look at the artistic, literary and musical movement known as Romanticism and look at how it ties in closely with liberalism and nationalism.
#308 Unit 7 - The Concert of Europe
In this episode we look at how the foreign policy established at the Congress of Vienna evolves into the Concert of Europe and works to suppress liberalism and nationalism in Europe.
#309 Unit 7 - The Revolutions of 1830
In this episode we look at how the Concert of Europe ignored the liberalism and nationalism that will eventually lead to the Revolutions of 1830 in France and Belgium.
#310 Unit 7 - The Revolutions of 1848 Part 1
The Revolutions of 1848 can be a topic that not only frustrates students, but also frustrated teachers. In this two part series we look at the long term and short term causes of the Revolutions of 1848 and then look at how these causes compare between various countries in Europe. In this episode we specifically focus on the French Revolution of 1848.
#311 Unit 7 - The Revolutions of 1848 Part 2
In this second part in our series on the Revolutions of 1848 we look at the events in the Austrian Empire and the German Confederation, along with a discussion of why the revolutions ultimately failed.
#312 Unit 7 - Mid 19th Century Conservative Monarchies
In this episode we look at how conservative monarchs in the middle of the 19th century will begin to adopt liberal and nationalistic measures in order to strengthen their power. Specifically, we look at Napoleon III in France, Alexander II in Russia, and Franz Joseph I in Austria-Hungary.
#313 Unit 7 - The Crimean War
In this episode we look at why the Crimean War is a turning point in European history and how it leads to the end of the Concert of Europe.
#314 Unit 7 - Italian Unification
In this episode we look at the rise of Italian nationalism and the unification of Italy under the liberal monarchy of Victor Emmanuel II and Piedmont Sardinia.
#315 Unit 7 - German Unification
In this episode we look at how Otto Von Bismarck of Prussia will use nationalism and warfare to unite Germany under the reign of Kaiser Wilhelm I.
#316 Unit 7 - German Dominance in the Late 19th Century
In this episode we look at how Otto Von Bismarck will use his Realpolitik ways to lead Germany to become the dominant power on the European continent and how he will use that power to maintain a balance of power.
#317 Unit 7 - Realism in Art
In this episode we look at how the artistic movement known as realism developed from the radicalism of the 19th century.
#318 Unit 7 - Hyper Nationalism in France
In this episode we look at how nationalism can divide a nation as it did in France in the 1890s with the Dreyfus Affair.
#319 Unit 7 - Victorian England
In this episode we look at how democracy develops in Great Britain with a review of the various reform bills, the development of liberal socialism and the Labour Party, and how women will get the right to vote with the help of Emmeline Pankhurst and the suffragettes.
#320 Unit 7 - The Age of Progress Part 1
In this episode we cast a very wide net and cover some of the major intellectual minds of the late 19th century. In this episode we take a look at Darwin, Nietzsche, Einstein, Comte, Freud and other major intellectual minds that contributed to modernity.
#321 Unit 7 - The Age Of Progress Part 2
In this second part on life at the end of the 19th century we look at the changes in technology, class divisions, the changing role of women, and mass consumerism at the turn of the century.
#322 Unit 7 - Impressionism and Post - Impressionism in Art
In this episode we take a quick look at Impressionist and Post-Impressionist art that was popular at the end of the 19th century.
#323 Unit 7 - The Roots of European Imperialism
19th century European imperialism developed from a combination of economic, political and social developments in Europe and we analyze those developments in this episode.
#324 Unit 7 - European Imperialism and the Scramble for Africa
In this episode we look at how the Berlin Conference of 1884 leads to the eventual takeover of Africa by the European powers.
Period 4: 1914-2001
Available Starting in early March and Year-Round on Patreon
#400 Unit 8 - The Long Term Causes of World War I
While many think that World War I was caused by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the truth is that there were many long term causes that played much larger factors in bringing about the crisis. In this episode we examine those long term causes.
#401 Unit 8 - World War I
In this episode we look at how World War I is a turning point in history and brings about great change to European society.
#402 Unit 8 - Russia and World War I
In this episode we look at the nature of the Russian monarchy in the early 20th century and the effect it had on World War I.
#403 Unit 8 - The Treaty of Versailles
In this episode we look at the end of WWI and terms of the peace agreement known as the Treaty of Versailles.
#404 Unit 8 - The Russian Communist Revolution
In this episode we look at the manner in which Lenin leads a communist revolution in Russia.
#405 Unit 8 - Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin rose to power after the death of Lenin in 1924 and within fifteen years he completely modernized the Soviet Union, but that modernization came at an incredible cost.
#406 Unit 8 - The 1920s and 1930's
In this episode we look at the post World War I economy of the 1920s and 1930s in three sectors: Italy, Germany, and the rest of Western Europe.
#407 Unit 8 - What is Fascism?
In this episode we look at the characteristics of fascist governments so that we can better understand the ideology of fascism as it develops in Italy and Germany in the 1920s and 1930s.
#408 Unit 8 - Mussolini's Rise To Power
In this episode we look at the manner in which Fascism will develop and the rise of Mussolini in post WWI Italy.
#409 Unit 8 - Hitler's Rise to Power in Germany
In this episode we look at the methods used by Adolf Hitler to seize power in Germany and bring about the Nazi Reich.
#410 Unit 8 - Single Party Rule in Nazi Germany
In this episode we discuss the manner in which Hitler and the Nazi regime will use single party rule to bring about Hitler's vision for Germany.
#411 Unit 8 - Nazi Germany and the Holocaust
In this episode we look at how Hitler and Nazi Germany will bring about a genocide of Europe's Jewish population between the years 1933 and 1945.
#412 Unit 8 - The Road to WWII: The Policy of Appeasement
In this episode we look at how Hitler and Germany will continually violate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles and the lack of response from the rest of the European powers, ultimately leading to the start of World War II.
#413 Unit 8 - World War II Part 1: The German Blitzkrieg and the Battle of Britain
With the invasion of Poland on September 1st, 1939 Europe was once again at war and World War II had begun. In this episode we look at the method of warfare that will be used by Nazi Germany and its effectiveness, along with Great Britain's ability to halt the Nazi advance at the Battle of Britain.
#414 Unit 8 - World War II Part 2: The Allied Advance
In this second part on our series on World War II in Europe we look at the allied response to Nazi Germany overrunning Europe and how the allies work to take Europe back.
#415 Unit 8 - World War II Part 3: The Allied Victory
In this final episode on World War II we look at Nazi Germany's final attempt at survival with the Battle of the Bulge, the Yalta Conference, the allied victory over Europe, and the dropping of the atom bomb on Japan.
#416 Unit 8 - The Major Effects of World War II on the 20th Century
In this episode we look at the effects that World War II played on setting the stage and context for the second half of the 20th Century. Topics include the seeds of the Cold War, the founding of the United Nations, decolonization, and the baby boom.
#417 Unit 9 - The Early Cold War
The Cold War - the idea of two sides acting like they are at war with each other, but never actually firing a shot at each other. In this episode we look at the first half of the Cold War and explore topics like the Berlin Airlift, the formation of the NATO and Warsaw Pact Alliances, and the Cuban missile crisis.
#418 Unit 9 - The Later Cold War
In this episode we look at the concept of “Detente,” Brezhnev Doctrine, Prague Spring, and the Soviet Union’s invasion of Afghanistan and examine how increased military spending will weaken the Soviet Union’s economy.
#419 Unit 9 - The Formation of the European Union
Today much of Europe is part of the European Union and in this episode we look at Post WWII Europe to understand how economic integration will replace national economic competition with economic cooperation.